Theraps godmanni

In the wild, these fish can reach 30 cm in length, but in aquariums, they typically grow up to 25 cm. The fish's body is distinguished by its height and is slightly compressed laterally. Its caudal peduncle is elongated and terminates in a small tail. The dorsal and anal fins appear enlarged and are distinctly shifted towards the tail. Females are larger than males, but their coloration is less pronounced. Females predominantly exhibit light beige and gray tones, and their scales may have a blue sheen. Males, although smaller, have more saturated coloration, which becomes particularly vibrant during the breeding season, acquiring a deep red hue with a turquoise shimmer on their scales. With age, the fish develops a characteristic feature—a so-called "nuchal hump," which is a bump on the forehead. A characteristic feature of the body pattern is a large, irregularly shaped black spot located immediately behind the head. Sometimes, pale dark vertical markings can be observed in the caudal part of the body.

The species inhabits Central America, being endemic to the Polochic River basin in Guatemala. In nature, it prefers tropical freshwater bodies with flowing water. The fish primarily live a benthic lifestyle, adhering to areas with stony or sandy bottoms, where they find shelter among rocks and snags.

This species is characterized by territorial and aggressive behavior. During the breeding season, their hostility significantly increases. Theraps godmanni actively protect their offspring and are capable of injuring other fish that inadvertently come too close. In the confined space of home aquariums, they are poorly compatible with other species. Only conspecifics can be considered as tank mates, provided that each individual has the opportunity to establish its own territory.

For keeping a single fish, a tank volume of at least 150 liters is required, while for two individuals, more than 350 liters are needed. It is important to ensure that each adult fish has the opportunity to occupy an individual area on the aquarium bottom. The decor should mimic a mountain riverbed; the composition should be based on large stones and boulders, and snags can also be used. Live plants are usually not planted, as they can be uprooted, damaged, or eaten. It is recommended to create several shelters in the form of artificial caves or stone grottoes where neighboring fish can hide from each other. Thus, these shelters will serve as the centers of their territories and should be located at some distance from each other, in different parts of the aquarium. The imitation of a strong current can be provided by a powerful filtration system or a separate pump. The first option is preferable, as the filter performs a dual function: water purification and current creation. Keeping conditions can be more or less strict regarding hydrochemical parameters, depending on whether the fish was obtained from the wild or from a breeder. Before purchasing, it is extremely important to clarify the keeping specifics with the supplier or seller and to accurately recreate the water chemistry in your aquarium.

These fish readily accept most common foods, whether dry, frozen, or live. However, it is extremely important to regularly include plant-based foods in their diet, such as blanched vegetables (e.g., peas, spinach, Brussels sprouts) and spirulina flakes.

Breeding requires a spacious aquarium, as the fish exhibit strong territoriality. Spawning occurs on flat stones or in depressions dug in the substrate. The pair actively cares for their offspring, guarding the clutch and fry from any threats. Frequent water changes and maintaining the temperature at the upper end of the acceptable range serve as a stimulus for spawning.

The species has a strong immune system provided that water purity is maintained and there are no high concentrations of nitrogenous compounds. They are sensitive to sharp fluctuations in environmental parameters, which can provoke stress and reduce resistance to infections. Prevention includes regular filtration, aeration, and weekly partial water changes.

When selecting individuals, attention should be paid to the cleanliness of the skin and fins, the absence of spots, ulcers, or film. A healthy fish shows activity, natural coloration, and an adequate reaction to external stimuli. Avoid purchasing specimens with signs of emaciation, sunken bellies, or unnatural behavior, such as prolonged hovering in a corner of the aquarium.