Ranchu

The Ranchu is a selective form of goldfish with a short, ovoid body and no dorsal fin. A distinctive feature is a strongly curved backline that transitions into the caudal peduncle at a pronounced angle. The head is often covered with well-developed fleshy growths resembling raspberries. The fins are short, and the caudal fin is forked. Adult specimens reach 13–18 cm. The coloration is diverse: red, white, calico, and multicolored variations are found.

The species is an artificially bred variety and does not occur in the natural environment. All modern goldfish originate from the silver crucian carp, which inhabits slow-flowing bodies of water in Central Asia. Ranchu are not adapted to life in the wild and require exclusively aquarium conditions.

Ranchu have a calm and peaceful temperament. Due to their body structure, they are slow swimmers, so it is not recommended to keep them with fast or aggressive fish species that can nip fins or steal food. They are compatible with other slow-moving goldfish breeds.

For a single specimen, an aquarium of 40–80 liters with good filtration is necessary, as these fish produce a lot of organic waste. Rectangular tanks with a large surface area are recommended for efficient gas exchange. It is important to avoid sharp decorations that could damage the head growths and fins. Water parameters: temperature 18–22°C, pH 6.0–8.0, hardness 5–19 dGH.

Ranchu are omnivorous but prone to digestive system problems. Their diet should include both animal and plant components. Special sinking foods are recommended to minimize air swallowing during feeding, which reduces the risk of swim bladder disease. It is beneficial to supplement their diet with plant matter, such as blanched spinach or peas.

Breeding requires experience and adherence to conditions that stimulate spawning. Spawning occurs in pairs or groups, with eggs laid on fine-leaved plants. After spawning, the parents are removed as they may eat the eggs. Fry require frequent feeding and maintaining high water quality for proper body development.

The species is susceptible to gastrointestinal diseases, including bloat and swim bladder dysfunction, often caused by improper feeding. Bacterial infections of the head growths are also possible with poor water quality. Prevention involves maintaining stable environmental parameters and regular water changes.

When choosing a fish, pay attention to its activity, the absence of visible damage, ulcers, or plaque on the body and growths. A healthy specimen should swim evenly, without tipping to one side or floating to the surface. It is recommended to avoid specimens showing signs of emaciation or an unnaturally bloated abdomen.