Pseudohomaloptera leonardi

Adults reach a length of about 6–7 cm. Their body is elongated and slightly flattened dorsally. Pseudohomaloptera have large, fan-shaped pectoral and pelvic fins positioned low, which helps the fish firmly attach to rocks, resisting strong currents. The fish's coloration is dark brown, adorned with a pattern of gray stripes and small speckles.

The natural habitat of this species covers Southeast Asia, specifically peninsular Malaysia and the southern territories of Thailand. These fish prefer the headwaters of mountain rivers. Their typical environment consists of shallow streams and rivers with fast, sometimes turbulent currents. The bottom of such bodies of water is usually stony, and the water is clean and rich in oxygen. Vegetation is generally absent directly in the riverbed but is abundant along the banks.

This fish is distinguished by its peaceful and calm disposition. It coexists well with other species that thrive in similar conditions. In an aquarium, good tankmates can include Danios, Rasboras, Akysis catfishes, Corydoras, and other compatible species.

For keeping 1–3 fish, an aquarium with a volume of 80–100 liters will be optimal. It is very important not only to maintain water cleanliness and optimal temperature and hydrochemical parameters but also to provide a moderate current. It is recommended that the water in the aquarium be completely renewed 10–15 times per hour; this means that for a 100-liter tank, the performance of an internal filter or pump should be at least 1000 liters per hour. Given the need to create a strong current, only massive, stable elements such as large stones, rock fragments, or snags should be used as decorations.

In natural conditions, the diet of Pseudohomaloptera leonardi consists of algae, which they scrape from the surface of rocks, as well as small crustaceans, insect larvae, and other invertebrates. In a home aquarium, it is recommended to combine protein-rich foods with vegetable supplements.

To date, there is no confirmed data on the successful breeding of Pseudohomaloptera leonardi in home aquariums.

The best protection against diseases is to provide suitable living conditions, a balanced diet, and the absence of external stressors, such as aggression from tankmates. The appearance of disease symptoms may indicate problems with the living conditions. Often, normalizing the environment contributes to self-recovery, but if the fish's body is too weakened, medication may be required. More detailed information on symptoms and treatment methods can be found in the "Diseases of Aquarium Fish" section.

When selecting specimens, attention should be paid to their physical condition, as representatives of this family often go on sale in an emaciated state, which is subsequently extremely difficult to correct. A healthy fish should be active, have clear eyes, and undamaged fins without signs of erosion or film. Avoid specimens with sunken bellies, signs of skin damage, or unusual behavior, such as apathy or constantly staying in a corner of the aquarium.

• Assess the fish's plumpness, as emaciation is a common problem for this species.
• Ensure there are no white spots, ulcers, or other damage on the body and fins.
• Observe their behavior: healthy individuals should show natural curiosity, not signs of stress or panic.
• If possible, visit the store during feeding to confirm the fish has a healthy appetite.