Selatan Gourami

It is considered a closely related species to the Chocolate Gourami, with which it shares many common characteristics. Adult individuals can reach approximately 4 cm in length. These fish have a high body with a noticeably pointed head. Their coloration varies from gray-brown to reddish hues, adorned with a light horizontal stripe and several rows of vertical stripes. Some specimens feature reddish tints on their fins, and several researchers suggest this might be a separate subspecies. However, as of the time of this information's compilation, no official separation has occurred. Sexual dimorphism is not pronounced. Males differ from females by a slightly more rounded lower part of the head; otherwise, they are almost identical.

Its natural habitat is in Southeast Asia, in the southern Indonesian part of Kalimantan (Borneo) island. These fish prefer peat swamps hidden under dense tropical forest cover, as well as associated rivers and streams. A typical habitat is a shallow body of water where the water acquires a rich brown hue due to the high concentration of tannins, which are formed during the decomposition of plant organic matter. The bottom of these waters is usually covered with a thick layer of fallen leaves, branches, and permeated by numerous tree roots. Aquatic vegetation is mainly found along the shoreline.

This slow-moving and peaceful fish may struggle to compete for food with more active species, significantly increasing the likelihood of malnutrition. They coexist well with other calm fish, such as Rasboras, some types of Danios, and loaches. These fish prefer to be in a group of their own kind, so it is advisable to acquire them in quantities of 6 or more individuals. Co-housing with Chocolate Gouramis should be avoided to minimize the risk of hybridization of offspring.

For a pair of fish, the optimal aquarium volume starts from 50 liters. Although this species is not overly demanding regarding keeping conditions, it is preferable to create an environment as close as possible to its natural biotope. The aquarium setup should include numerous shelters. These can be dense thickets of shade-loving plants, snags, or specialized decorative elements for aquariums. It is advisable to use a dark, soft substrate, on top of which leaves from certain trees, such as beech, oak, or Indian almond, are often placed. They not only serve as part of the decor but also contribute to creating the chemical composition of the water characteristic of the natural habitats of the Cross Chocolate Gourami, as described in detail in the article “What tree leaves can be used in an aquarium.” If live plants are planned, excellent choices include Java Fern, Java Moss, Cryptocorynes, Anubias, and similar species. Long-term and successful keeping depends on maintaining the stability of the aquatic environment within acceptable temperature and hydrochemical limits. This requires regular aquarium maintenance procedures and equipping it with necessary equipment, primarily a filtration system.

Generations of fish that have grown up in artificial aquarium conditions have successfully adapted to consuming alternative foods, such as flakes and granules. To enrich their daily diet, it is recommended to include live or frozen foods, such as Artemia, Daphnia, bloodworms, and others.

There are some discrepancies in various sources regarding the breeding strategy of this Gourami species. Some indicate the construction of foam nests, while others describe the male incubating the eggs in his mouth until the fry emerge. The latter statement is closer to the truth, but this role is performed by the female. During the breeding period, the fish's coloration becomes more intense, and the stripes acquire a golden hue. The male, or alpha male in group housing, initiates courtship. The fish press against each other in a peculiar dance, during which spawning occurs. The female takes the fertilized eggs into her mouth and incubates them for up to 20 days, after which 10–40 fully formed fry emerge. During this period, the female refuses food and seeks a secluded, safe place. In some cases, it may be advisable to temporarily transfer her to a separate tank with identical water conditions.

Most health problems in fish often arise from unsuitable keeping conditions. Maintaining a stable and comfortable habitat is a key factor for successful keeping. If symptoms of illness appear, the first step is to check the water quality. If deviations are found, it is important to take immediate measures to eliminate them. If the symptoms do not disappear or worsen, medicinal treatment may be required. More detailed information on symptoms and treatment methods can be found in the "Diseases of Aquarium Fish" section.

When selecting individuals, special care should be taken, as this species is sensitive to transportation and keeping conditions. Avoid purchasing fish that show signs of lethargy, fin damage, or sunken flanks, which may indicate emaciation or the presence of parasites. Healthy specimens should be active, have a clear pattern, and clean eyes.

Since this species is often imported from the wild, it can be susceptible to stress and infectious diseases. Before purchasing, it is recommended to inquire how long the fish has been in the store and whether it has undergone quarantine. It is highly desirable to observe the group's behavior in the aquarium: lack of timidity and a normal appetite during feeding are good indicators of adaptation. Avoid purchasing fish from aquariums where dead or visibly sick individuals are present.