Betta ocellata

Adults reach a length of 8 to 9 cm. There are differences between males and females: males have wider heads, more elongated fins, and more turquoise hues in their coloration. Overall, these fish are predominantly gray and are not particularly vibrant.

The origin of this fish is associated with Southeast Asia, specifically the island of Borneo. Its natural range is limited to the territories of the Malaysian state of Sabah, as well as the northern part of East Kalimantan. The species is found in various biotopes, from fast-flowing streams descending from hills to swampy forest areas hidden in dense jungles.

Males have a pronounced temperament and often conflict with each other, especially in a cramped aquarium. Clashes for dominant hierarchical positions are common. A weaker male, having lost a fight, may be subjected to constant attacks if he does not find shelter from the alpha male. A similar fate awaits females if they were acquired separately from a male or kept in isolation for a long time. In such cases, they may also be perceived as potential rivals. An ideal community includes a group of one male and several females that have grown up together from a young age, as well as other non-aggressive fish of comparable size.

For a pair of these fish, an aquarium of 70–80 liters will be optimal. Caring for Betta ocellata is quite simple if several important conditions are met: maintaining suitable water chemistry, avoiding strong currents, providing a lid to preserve warm and humid air at the surface, organizing subdued lighting or using floating plants for shading, and creating hiding places. Both natural elements (driftwood, plants) and decorative items are suitable as shelters. The long-term well-being of aquarium inhabitants directly depends on the stable operation of equipment, especially the filtration system, as well as regular maintenance: weekly partial water changes and timely removal of organic waste, such as food remnants and excrement.

In natural conditions, the Ocellated Betta's diet consists of small insects, invertebrates, and zooplankton. In a home aquarium, the fish successfully adapt to various alternative products. Their daily menu can include widely used dry, frozen, and live foods common in aquaristics.

The breeding process does not present major difficulties, provided that the fish are kept in a suitable aquatic environment where acceptable temperature and hydrochemical parameters are maintained. It is important that the Ocellated Bettas belong to the same group. It is not recommended to pair a male and female randomly selected, for example, from different pet stores. With the onset of the breeding season, mutual courtship begins, after which a pair forms. Spawning is accompanied by close “embraces” when the fish entwine around each other. After this, the male collects all fertilized eggs into his mouth and incubates them for the entire incubation period, which lasts from 12 to 17 days. The fry hatch fully formed and are immediately ready to accept specialized micro-food intended for juvenile aquarium fish.

Most health problems in fish often arise from unsuitable keeping conditions. Maintaining a stable and comfortable habitat is a key factor for successful keeping. If symptoms of illness appear, the first step is to check the water quality. If deviations are found, it is important to take immediate measures to eliminate them. If the symptoms do not disappear or worsen, medicinal treatment may be required. More detailed information on symptoms and treatment methods can be found in the "Diseases of Aquarium Fish" section.

When choosing an Ocellata, pay attention to the fish's overall activity: healthy individuals should show curiosity and not constantly hide in corners. Inspect the body for the absence of damage, sores, white film, or signs of emaciation, as fish can be stressed during transport. Avoid specimens with an unnaturally bloated belly or, conversely, sunken sides.

• Check the condition of the fins: they should be intact, without signs of splitting or erosion.
• Observe their behavior: aggressive clashes between individuals in the store often indicate overcrowding, which can lead to injuries.
• Ask the seller about their keeping conditions and diet to ensure a smooth transition for the fish to the new aquarium environment.