Betta balunga

Adults typically reach about 5 cm in length. Males differ from females by being slightly larger and having more pointed fins. Coloration also has its peculiarities: male specimens show light stripes on a gray background, and their fins shimmer with turquoise hues. Females, on the other hand, display a more uniform coloration.

Betta balunga inhabits Southeast Asia, specifically the Malaysian part of Borneo, in Sabah province. The natural habitat of this species is found in the Balung River basin. Typical biotopes are shallow streams, barely reaching 5–10 cm in depth, flowing under the dense canopy of the tropical forest. The beds of these water bodies are often covered with fallen leaves and branches, and along the banks, there are dense thickets of aquatic plants, mosses, and ferns.

These fish are distinguished by their peaceful and calm disposition. Among males, competition for hierarchical position and female attention may be observed, manifesting as "displays of strength." However, unlike other Bettas, such skirmishes are rare and not aggressive. They can be kept both in pairs (male/female) and in small mixed-sex groups. They coexist well with other non-aggressive species of comparable size.

For a small group of these fish, the optimal aquarium volume starts from 50–60 liters. Various natural or artificial decor elements should be chosen to create several suitable hiding places. A combination of shade-loving plants and driftwood will be an excellent choice. Using a leaf litter substrate will not only add naturalness to the decor but also help enrich the water with tannins, recreating the conditions of Betta balunga's natural habitat. Additional information can be found in the article "Which tree leaves can be used in an aquarium." Maintaining high water quality within the acceptable temperature and hydrochemical parameters is a key aspect for long-term keeping. Water stability is ensured by regular aquarium maintenance and the uninterrupted operation of equipment, especially the filtration system.

In the wild, the diet of these fish consists mainly of small insects and various zooplankton. In home keeping, Betta balunga readily accept alternative foods, including popular dry, frozen, and live products in the aquarium hobby.

Balunga Bettas show care for their offspring at the most vulnerable stage of their development. Instead of scattering eggs on the substrate or among plants, leaving them to fend for themselves, as many other fish do, males mouthbrood the eggs. During this time, females guard the area where the male has secluded himself. It is interesting to note that females in this species play a more active role, and they initiate the courtship process during the breeding season. The incubation period lasts from 14 to 21 days, after which fully formed fry emerge. After this point, the parents cease to pay attention to their offspring but do not attempt to eat them, allowing the young to grow alongside the adult fish. It is important to consider that if other species are present in the aquarium, they may perceive the new generation of Bettas as a potential food source.

Most health problems in fish often arise from unsuitable keeping conditions. Maintaining a stable and comfortable habitat is a key factor for successful keeping. If symptoms of illness appear, the first step is to check the water quality. If deviations are found, it is important to take immediate measures to eliminate them. If the symptoms do not disappear or worsen, medicinal treatment may be required. More detailed information on symptoms and treatment methods can be found in the "Diseases of Aquarium Fish" section.

When purchasing, choose active specimens with clean fins and no visible damage or film on the body. It is important to ensure that the fish shows interest in food and does not appear emaciated. Since the species is sensitive to water quality, avoid acquiring specimens from aquariums with signs of mass fish mortality or poor equipment condition. Healthy fish should have natural coloration, be alert to their surroundings, and not show signs of apathy or labored breathing. It is recommended to ask the seller about the water parameters in which the fish were kept to ensure smooth adaptation when transferring to a new aquarium. Avoid buying fish with sunken bellies or signs of parasitic infestation, as the recovery of such specimens requires specific conditions and experience.