Southern Aphyosemion

This fish has a narrow and shallow body, with elongated fins that are pointed at the ends and set quite far back. Several color morphs exist, with the most famous and sought-after being the orange variation, named “Golden Pheasant.” Males stand out with a spotted pattern of numerous bright speckles all over their bodies, while females usually appear noticeably paler. The fins are colored to match the body, have a white edging, and the anal fin is additionally adorned with a dark stripe.

The natural habitat of the Aphyosemion is stagnant or slow-flowing shallow waters. Although it can be found in river systems, it prefers to stay near the banks, where an abundance of aquatic vegetation and weak currents create ideal conditions. The species' distribution range covers the western equatorial part of Africa, specifically the territory of modern Gabon, the mouth of the Ogooué River, and the low-lying coastal areas of the country.

This fish has a calm, peaceful, and amiable disposition; it can also be described as shy and timid. It can be kept either singly or in groups. When choosing tank mates, it is necessary to prioritize species of similar temperament and size, while avoiding active and especially aggressive fish.

In the aquarium, it is desirable to create conditions that are as close as possible to its natural habitat. This includes using a dark sandy substrate, plenty of hiding places in the form of snags, intertwined roots and tree branches, as well as dense thickets of plants, including floating ones, which create additional shading. Soft (dH parameter), slightly acidic or neutral (pH indicator) water is suitable for filling the aquarium; similar parameters can be easily achieved by simple boiling, and over time, the water in any aquarium acquires slightly acidic properties. More detailed information on pH and dH parameters can be found in the “Hydrochemical Composition of Water” section. Caring for the Southern Aphyosemion is not difficult and involves regular substrate cleaning and 10–20% water changes. If the aquarium is large (over 100 liters) and equipped with an efficient filtration system, cleaning and partial water changes can be done once every 2–3 weeks, depending on the number of inhabitants. For smaller volumes, the frequency should be reduced. The minimum equipment set includes a filter, aerator, heater, and lighting system. When setting up the equipment, it is important to consider that the fish prefers a shaded aquarium and very weak water movement.

Since this species has been successfully bred in aquarium conditions for a long time, it has adapted well to dry foods such as flakes and pellets. Nevertheless, to maintain good health and vibrant coloration, it is highly recommended to supplement the diet with protein-rich foods, such as bloodworms or daphnia.

The appearance of offspring is quite expected in a school where both male and female individuals are present. No special conditions are required for this. During the approaching spawning period, the male displays a brighter and more intense coloration, while the female noticeably rounds out, filling with roe. The eggs can be laid directly in the community tank, but their preservation in such a case is not guaranteed. Therefore, it is preferable to organize spawning in a separate tank. As soon as external signs of the imminent breeding season are noticeable, the prepared pair is moved to the spawning aquarium. Even a small container, for example, with a volume of three liters, will be suitable for this purpose. Java moss, used as a substrate, will serve as an excellent place for attaching the eggs. As for equipment, only a heater will be sufficient; a filter, aerator, and lighting system will be superfluous. Spawning itself takes place in dim light and can last a week or even longer. In one day, the female can lay up to 20 eggs. At the end of the process, the pair returns to the community tank. Throughout this time, it is important not to forget to feed the future parents and carefully remove their waste products, trying not to disturb the eggs. The incubation period is up to 20 days, and the fry appear in batches, starting to swim independently on the third day. Feeding should be done twice a day, using micro-food (Artemia nauplii, infusoria). Since there is no water purification system in the spawning tank, partial water changes must be carried out every three days.

Under favorable keeping conditions and a balanced diet, health problems usually do not arise. The main causes of infection can be an unfavorable environment, contact with sick fish, or poor-quality food. More detailed information on symptoms and treatment methods is presented in the section "Diseases of Aquarium Fish."

When purchasing, choose active fish with clean, undamaged fins and no plaque or spots on their bodies. Avoid individuals that look emaciated, stay near the water surface, or show signs of apathy. It is important to remember that Aphyosemion are timid, so their temporary passivity in the store may be a reaction to stress, but when choosing, it is better to prefer fish that demonstrate natural coloration and normal behavior in a group.